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Charles Lane (1800–1870) was an English-American transcendentalist, abolitionist, and early voluntaryist. Along with Amos Bronson Alcott, he was one of the main founders of Fruitlands. ==Fruitlands== (詳細はAlcott House in England based on his philosophy of teaching. The two met in 1842, when Alcott had traveled to England to enlist support and people for his experiment in communal living. Lane offered his support and returned to the United States with Alcott on October 21, 1842.〔Packer, Barbara L. ''The Transcendentalists''. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 2007: 148. ISBN 978-0-8203-2958-1〕 The next May, Lane purchased the Wyman Farm in Harvard, Massachusetts〔 for $1800. They had moved to the farm on June 1 and optimistically gave it the name "Fruitlands", despite only ten old apple trees on the property.〔 A month later, Alcott announced the community in ''The Dial'': "We have made an arrangement with the proprieter of an estate of about a hundred acres, which liberates this tract from human ownership".〔 In principle, the Fruitlands reformers did not believe in purchasing property; Lane said the following on the subject: "We do not recognize the purchase of land; but its redemption from the debasing state of proprium, or property, to divine uses, we clearly understand; where those whom the world esteems owners are found yielding their individual rights to the Supreme Owner."〔Gordon, Jessica. "Transcendental Ideas: Social Reform." American Transcendentalism Web. 20 Feb. 2008 http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/fruitlands.html.〕 The commune attracted 14 residents, including the Alcott and Lane families. "The consociate family", as Fruitlands residents referred to themselves,〔 wished to achieve complete freedom by separating entirely from the world economy.〔Hankins, Barry. ''The Second Great Awakening and the Transcendentalists''. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004: 36. ISBN 0-313-31848-4〕 To accomplish this, they refrained from trade, allowed no personal property, and did not use hired labor. They intended to grow all their own food; they also eliminated animal products from their diets entirely. Referring to their strict vegetarian diet, Lane wrote, "Neither coffee, tea, molasses, nor rice tempts us beyond the bounds of indigenous production... No animal substances neither flesh, butter, cheese, eggs, nor milk pollute our tables, nor corrupt our bodies." Diet was usually fruit and water; many vegetables—including carrots, beets, and potatoes—were forbidden because they showed a lower nature by growing downward.〔 Lane and Alcott also asked participants to wear only linen clothes and canvas shoes; cotton fabric was forbidden because it exploited slave labor and wool was banned because it came from sheep.〔 As they believed that animals should not be exploited, Fruitlands would not use animals though, eventually, they allowed an ox and a cow.〔 The land that Lane purchased for Fruitlands proved to be not sufficiently arable.〔Delano, Sterling F. ''Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004: 118. ISBN 0-674-01160-0〕 Fruitlands ultimately failed the winter after it opened, largely due to food shortages and accompanying unrest in the inhabitants. Lane blamed the community's failure on Alcott, who he believed misled him with his optimism.〔Packer, Barbara L. ''The Transcendentalists''. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 2007: 149. ISBN 978-0-8203-2958-1〕 Alcott and Lane also disagreed on definitions of the consociate family. Lane believed in the renunciation of marriage in exchange for a universal or communal family.〔Rose, Anne C. ''Transcendentalism as a Social Movement, 1830–1850''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981: 197. ISBN 0-300-02587-4〕 In January 1844, Lane left Brook Farm with his son to join a local community of Shakers.〔 Lane admired the Shaker commitment to celibacy and it was one of the points that drew him there.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Lane (transcendentalist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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